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Re: Why four categories of causation?



Judith,
you wrote two expressions I always try to evade in our dicussions:
"WHY" and "USEFUL". I don't think my reply is very argumentative
 
What you wrote is OK, just the question "Why do enzymes exist"
is misunderstandable for the 2 ways in which a 'why' can be asked:
#1:"what purpose did they originate for" (the why1) instead of
#2:"in consequence of what way (how) did they occur"? (why2)
The first variation implies a teleological purpose (to me: out!).
The 2nd variant calls for the creating natural copmplexity-functions and goes into evolutionary mutation trains - if they increase the survival skill, they proliferate into coming generations. If not, they disappear.
 
The "usefulness" is also twofold: generally we think about it within our goals of our model-based well-being. In this respect nothing happens FOR usefulness (to us) in nature. We can identify things as useful or useless (even harmful?) for us in our views. The other way usefulness can be thought of is the role they play in natural processes as participation in continuing or disrupting evolution. It refers to the 'role' of enzymes as you mentioned.
 
The "creation" of enzymes is also two-fold, depending of we do consider "enzymes" in general, or prticular ones within given organizations. In the meaning of how THEY occurred at all: Variations occur in all kinds and fashions in the unlimited changes of the world, some are successful, some are not. It is beyond our 'designing capability' to predict future variants, since it is part (result) of the natural complexity-functions. The other 'creation':  Once they occurred and became "useful" as you said, in other words: contributed to the proliferation of the species that carry them, these 'organizations' evolve in their proliferation complete with producing those enzymes in their composition continually (together with all other parts of the well-surviving species.) Your description of their functions seems adequate to me (whatever that is worth).
 
John M 
----- Original Message -----
To: ***
Sent: Thursday, January 20, 2005 9:17 AM
Subject: Re: Why four categories of causation?

HP and JZ wrote: "The speed and specificity of enzymes is ______..."
 
Perhaps they are; I'm willing to believe that between the two of you, the truth is somewhere in there; about the speed and specificity of enzymes... But while this may help in applied sciences (like pharmacology) the questions that comes to my mind are things like; Why do enzymes exist? In natural systems, they're made by living organisms, are they not? These are substances which are capable of breaking apart molecules and rearranging atoms with other atoms into new kinds of molecules-- in a particular way-- all without being changed, themselves, if memory serves... Enzymes are extraordinarily useful in living organisms and there are myriad varieties of them because they are quite specific in which molecules each type of enzyme can break apart and rearrange. The creation of enzymes is specified by the organization of the system as a whole. So, it would be the organizational information about enzymes that I would want to delve into... if I were going into a research career on this.
 
Judith
----- Original Message -----
From: Jerry Zhu
To: ***
Sent: Wednesday, January 19, 2005 9:56 PM
Subject: Re: [ROSEN] Why four categories of causation?

--- Howard Pattee wrote:

> I have suggested that the speed and
> specificity of enzymes
> depend on the uncertainty in momenta induced by the
> recognition (positional
> measurements) of their substrates.

Jerry Zhu:

The speed and specificity of enzymes is the statistic
cause (hence undertermined) of the interlock of
hypercyles and the interlock of interlocks of
hypercycles and the interlock of the interlocks of
interlocks of hypercycles. New interlocks are formed
from the spin offs of hypercycles and new interlocks
of interlocks are formed from interlock spin offs.
Hence the spin offs or divides are positional and
relational. Therefore the size and speed of enzymes
are controlled by the organizational contraints of the
collective of embedded interlocks.