Re: [life] Machines and wholeness - a speculative hierarcy

["Jeff Pridaux" <***>]

As for the question of whether "closed to efficient cause" is a sufficient
condition to identify life... or mearly a necessary condition....

Perhaps there is second necessary condition as well.  The entity must also
have mass.

With this extra condition, closed to efficient cause systems like
mathematics or religions would not be condsidered alive (just complex).

Only things containing mass would be considered alive if they also were
closed to efficient cause.